State custody rates by facility type, 2010

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Working for Youth Justice and Safety

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Custody Data (1997-Present)

Q:	What factors influence State custody rates?
A:	Including status offenders and private facilities in the calculation of custody rates affects State rankings based on these rates.

State of offense	Upper Age of Juvenile Court Jurisdiction	Number of Offenders	Custody rate
			All offenders		Delinquent offenders				Status offenders
			All offenders		Public		Private		Public	Private
			Rate	Rank	Rate	Rank	Rate	Rank	Rate	Rate

U.S. total		70,792	225		153		62		3	7

Alabama	17	1,101	212	28	107	32	90	12	*1	15
Alaska	17	282	342	5	207	10	65	19	69	*0
Arizona	17	1,092	152	40	132	28	15	41	3	3
Arkansas	17	729	230	22	84	42	134	8	*1	10
California	17	11,532	271	11	244	4	24	35	2	0

Colorado	17	1,530	287	9	172	19	107	10	3	6
Connecticut	15	315	109	47	60	48	44	26	*1	*3
Delaware	17	252	270	12	212	8	55	22	*3	*0
District of Columbia	17	180	428	3	271	1	150	4	*7	*7
Florida	17	4,815	261	14	93	38	165	3	*0	2

Georgia	16	2,133	220	26	172	19	41	29	7	1
Hawaii	17	120	90	50	83	43	*5	47	*2	*2
Idaho	17	480	258	15	224	5	23	37	10	*2
Illinois	16	2,217	178	37	158	24	18	39	*0	2
Indiana	17	2,010	276	10	185	16	71	18	6	14

Iowa	17	738	227	23	71	47	135	7	*1	20
Kansas	17	843	264	13	198	13	55	22	5	6
Kentucky	17	852	186	34	166	22	8	45	*2	10
Louisiana	16	1,035	239	19	171	21	43	28	3	22
Maine	17	186	142	42	138	27	*5	47	*0	*0

Maryland	17	888	143	41	106	34	31	32	3	2
Massachusetts	16	663	115	45	48	50	64	20	*1	2
Michigan	16	1,998	208	30	107	32	82	14	5	14
Minnesota	17	912	159	38	101	36	50	25	5	3
Mississippi	17	357	105	48	93	38	12	44	*1	*0

Missouri	16	1,197	214	27	187	14	6	46	20	*1
Montana	17	192	191	32	143	26	39	30	*0	*6
Nebraska	17	750	378	4	200	12	133	9	6	38
Nevada	17	717	244	18	219	6	13	43	10	*1
New Hampshire	16	117	97	49	50	49	27	33	*0	22

New Jersey	17	1,179	123	43	118	30	4	49	*1	*0
New Mexico	17	576	250	17	201	11	44	26	*4	*0
New York	15	2,637	179	36	81	44	77	15	*0	22
North Carolina	15	849	112	46	78	45	26	34	*1	8
North Dakota	17	168	258	15	106	34	64	20	*14	74

Ohio	17	2,865	227	23	208	9	15	41	3	1
Oklahoma	17	639	157	39	116	31	39	30	*1	*1
Oregon	17	1,251	319	6	260	3	54	24	*1	5
Pennsylvania	17	4,134	316	7	77	46	213	1	*0	26
Rhode Island	17	249	235	20	93	38	136	6	*0	*6

South Carolina	16	984	235	20	153	25	72	16	6	5
South Dakota	17	504	575	1	270	2	205	2	14	86
Tennessee	17	789	117	44	91	41	23	37	*0	2
Texas	16	5,352	204	31	185	16	17	40	2	0
Utah	17	684	191	32	100	37	86	13	6	*1

Vermont	17	33	53	51	*14	51	24	35	*5	*10
Virginia	17	1,860	224	25	217	7	*1	51	5	*0
Washington	17	1,305	183	35	176	18	4	49	3	*0
West Virginia	17	561	316	7	186	15	107	10	10	12
Wisconsin	16	1,110	209	29	126	29	72	16	*1	9
Wyoming	17	255	440	2	160	23	140	5	26	119

Notes: State is where the offense occurred. The total for the United States includes 2,568 juveniles in private facilities for whom State of offense was not reported. U.S total does not include juveniles in tribal facilities. Rates are per 100,000 juveniles age 10 through upper age of jurisdiction. State ranks are based on unrounded rates.

To protect the confidentiality of juvenile residents all published data from the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) are rounded to the nearest multiple of three. Each cell is rounded independently, without consideration as to row or column totals. As a result, in many tables, the internal cells do not add to the marginal totals. Rates and percentages presented from CJRP are also based on rounded totals. More information on this rounding rule is available on the CJRP Databook Web site.

[ Excel file ]

Whereas most delinquents are in public facilities, most status offenders are in private facilities. State custody rates based only on delinquents in public facilities are very different from rates that include status offenders and offenders in private facilities. Of course, several factors influence variations in State custody rates. Differences in States’ upper age of juvenile court jurisdiction, extended age of jurisdiction (i.e., how long the juvenile justice system has jurisdiction over youth for dispositional purposes), and provisions for transfer to criminal court; jurisdictions’ demographic composition; offenders’ offense profiles; and bedspace availability in custodial facilities effect custody rates. Thus, State custody rate comparisons should be interpreted with caution.

Internet citation: OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08602.asp?qaDate=2010. Released on December 09, 2011.

Data Source: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement 2010 [machine-readable data files]. Washington, D.C.: OJJDP.